高中英语语法大全－词法部分 [上]

作者：陈孝康　来源：整理　更新时间：2009-07-02　点击数：1491

第1章     主谓一致

一.概念:

主谓一致是指:

1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致.

2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致.

3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数.例如:

There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式.例如:

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要.

注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.例如:

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义.

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.例如:

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔,一把小刀和几本书.

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩.

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致.如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致.例如:

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去.

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔,信封和纸.